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Despite the development of highly effective, targeted inhibitors of B-cell proliferation and anti-apoptotic pathways in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), these treatments are not curative, and many patients will develop either intolerance or resistance to these treatments. Transformation of CLL to high-grade lymphoma-the so-called Richter syndrome (RS)-remains a highly chemoimmunotherapy-resistant disease, with the transformation occurring following targeted inhibitors for CLL treatment being particularly adverse. In light of this, cellular therapy in the form of allogenic stem cell transplantation and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy continues to be explored in these entities. We reviewed the current literature assessing these treatment modalities in both high-risk CLL and RS. We also discussed their current limitations and place in treatment algorithms.

Original publication

DOI

10.3389/fonc.2022.888109

Type

Journal article

Journal

Front Oncol

Publication Date

2022

Volume

12

Keywords

CAR (chimeric antigen receptor) T-cell therapy, CLL (chronic lymphocytic leukemia), allogenic stem cell transplantation, cellular therapy, richter syndrome